Follow-up is usually 6–12 months; data beyond 24 months are rare. Underlying pathology progresses, so sustained benefit without continued treatment is unlikely. Some protocols propose annual repeat infusions, implying expectation of fading effect. Long-term cognitive trajectory after stem-cell therapy, compared with untreated patients, is not established.
Alzheimer's disease features amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles, driving neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Stem-cell approaches address several pathways: placental mesenchymal stem cells are studied for neuroprotection — secreting anti-inflammatory and growth factors that may slow neuronal death — while exosomes derived from stem cells are explored as carriers for therapeutic molecules across the blood-brain barrier and as modulators of amyloid and tau biology. The rationale builds on evidence that stem-cell products reduce neuroinflammation and may support hippocampal neuroplasticity. Reversing established pathology and achieving adequate brain delivery remain unsolved; early trials are small and heterogeneous, with uncertain durability.
Am I a candidate? → · Alzheimer's Disease: full overview → · Alzheimer's Disease cost → · Cost →
Medically reviewed by StemCellAtlas’s editorial team with Kiian Nadiia, MD, PhD (Paediatric Neurologist · Medical Director, CSM Clinic Network · 12+ yrs in Autism Spectrum Disorders) of partner clinic Stem Plus (Sofia), against ISSCR, FDA & EMA guidance. Educational information, not medical advice; figures indicative.
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