Neurological improvement begins at weeks 4–8 post-transplantation and continues over 6–12 months. Plateau typically occurs by 12 months, though some patients demonstrate continued slow gains over 2–3 years. Durability appears sustained in most responders; recurrent decline is not typical unless secondary complications (infection, new trauma) occur. Rehabilitation intensity during the post-transplant window profoundly influences outcome.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts neural circuitry through acute mechanical trauma followed by secondary degeneration—inflammation, ischaemia, apoptosis—that extends the initial lesion zone over hours to days. Neurogenic stem cells and neural progenitor cells derived from umbilical cord or fetal sources can differentiate into oligodendrocytes (restoring myelin) and astrocytes (stabilising the lesion core), whilst also secreting neurotrophic factors (BDNF, NGF, NT-3) that promote axonal plasticity and regeneration. Placental mesenchymal stem cells provide complementary neuroprotection and angiogenesis. Sixty-nine registered trials and eight actively recruiting centres explore cell transplantation, often combined with rehabilitation, in both acute (<2 weeks) and chronic (>6 months) SCI populations.
Am I a candidate? → · Spinal Cord Injury: full overview → · Spinal Cord Injury cost → · Cost →
Medically reviewed by StemCellAtlas’s editorial team with Kiian Nadiia, MD, PhD (Paediatric Neurologist · Medical Director, CSM Clinic Network · 12+ yrs in Autism Spectrum Disorders) of partner clinic Stem Plus (Sofia), against ISSCR, FDA & EMA guidance. Educational information, not medical advice; figures indicative.
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