Cell-therapy terms explained

Glossary

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC)

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC)A heterogeneous stromal-cell category studied for properties such as differentiation and immunomodulatory signalling; identity and function are product-specific.

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Exosome

ExosomeA class of extracellular vesicle released by cells; a marketed preparation still requires product-specific characterisation, regulation and clinical evidence.

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GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice)

GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice)A quality framework for applicable manufacturing activities; GMP status alone does not establish product authorisation, safety or efficacy.

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IRB / Ethics Approval

IRB / Ethics ApprovalReview of a defined research protocol by an institutional review board or research ethics committee; it is not product approval or proof of efficacy.

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Autologous

AutologousCells taken from and returned to the same person.

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Allogeneic

AllogeneicDonor cells (e.g. umbilical-cord) given to another person.

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Muse Cell

Muse CellA research-defined, stress-tolerant cell subpopulation; the label alone does not define a standardised clinical product or outcome.

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Wharton's Jelly

Wharton's JellyThe connective tissue of the umbilical cord, from which different stromal or fibroblast-like preparations may be derived.

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Paracrine Effect

Paracrine EffectSignalling in which molecules released by a cell influence nearby cells; a proposed mechanism is not proof of clinical benefit.

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Differentiation

DifferentiationThe process by which a stem cell becomes a specialised cell type.

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Pluripotent

PluripotentAble to become almost any cell type in the body.

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Immunomodulation

ImmunomodulationRe-balancing an over- or under-active immune response.

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Cell Banking

Cell BankingControlled storage of cells or cell lines; identity, quality, authorisation and intended use must be verified separately.

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Regenerative Medicine

Regenerative MedicineThe field of repairing or replacing damaged cells, tissue and organs.

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Stem Cell Tourism

Stem Cell TourismTravelling abroad to access cell therapies not available or affordable at home.

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Neuro-inflammation

Neuro-inflammationInflammatory activity in nervous-system tissue; its measurement and clinical relevance depend on the disease and context.

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Intravenous (IV) Delivery

Intravenous (IV) DeliveryInfusion of cells into the bloodstream.

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Intrathecal Delivery

Intrathecal DeliveryAdministration into the cerebrospinal-fluid space; risks, evidence and authorisation are product- and indication-specific.

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Placental MSC

Placental MSCA mesenchymal stromal-cell preparation described as placental in origin; tissue compartment and manufacturing method must be specified.

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Chondrocyte

ChondrocyteA specialised cartilage cell; authorised and investigational products must be assessed by exact product and indication.

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Balneotherapy

BalneotherapyUse of mineral water, gases or mud within a defined supportive-care or rehabilitation programme.

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Climatotherapy

ClimatotherapyUse of environmental conditions within a supportive-care or rehabilitation plan; claims require condition-specific evidence.

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Growth Factor

Growth FactorA signalling protein involved in cell behaviour; laboratory activity does not by itself establish clinical tissue repair.

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Umbilical-Cord Cells

Umbilical-Cord CellsAn imprecise label for cell preparations derived from cord blood or tissue; source, identity and processing must be specified.

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Potency

PotencyA measure of how strongly a cell preparation produces its intended biological effect.

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Cell Viability

Cell ViabilityThe proportion of living, functional cells in a preparation — a key quality metric.

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Cryopreservation

CryopreservationFreezing cells at ultra-low temperature to preserve them for later use.

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Cell Homing

Cell HomingMigration or retention of cells in response to biological signals, studied mainly in experimental systems.

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Teratoma

TeratomaA tumour containing tissues from more than one germ layer; residual pluripotent cells are a product-specific safety concern.

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Advanced Therapy (ATMP)

Advanced Therapy (ATMP)The EU regulatory class covering gene, tissue and cell-based medicines.

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Informed Consent

Informed ConsentThe documented process ensuring you understand benefits, risks and alternatives before treatment.

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Medical Tourism

Medical TourismTravelling abroad for medical care, usually for access, quality or cost.

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Compare cell-therapy evidence, registered studies and published price observations.

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